Transformers

Transformer
Transformer is a static device, it transfer electrical energy one alternating circuit to another without change frequency to step up or step down the voltages.

Transformer

Transformer Working Principle

1. It works on the Faraday's principle of mutual induction. 

2. Self induced emf means whenever current given to the primary winding an emf induced due to the primary current flux cut the primary winding turns.

3. Whenever primary induced flux passing through the core and cuts the secondary winding then emf induced in the secondary winding. This induced emf is also called as  mutual induced emf because of emf induce due to primary flux.

Inner Transformer Winding's

Step Up Transformer
Secondary winding turns more than the primary winding turns is called step up transformer, step up transformer to step up the primary winding voltage.

Step Up Transformer Windings

Step Down Transformer

Primary winding turns more than the secondary winding turns is called step down transformer, step down transformer to step down the primary winding voltage.

Step Down Transformer Windings

Power Transmission and Distribution Voltages

1. Generating voltage at the power generating station is 11, 11.5, 12 or 13kv.

2. By using step up transformers to step up the generating voltage 11, 11.5, 12 or 13kv into 220 or 500kv and transmit through the transmission towers, this transmission is called primary transmission.

3. By using step down transformers to step down the primary transmission voltage 220 or 500kv into 132 or 66kv and transmit the transmission lines, this transmission is called secondary transmission.

4. By using step down transformer to step down the secondary transmission voltage 132 or 66kv into 11kv and directly distribute the industries and 11kv substation, this distribution is called primary distribution.

5. By using step down transformers to step down primary distribution voltage 11kv into 440 & 220v and distribute the houses and agriculture purpose, this distribution is called secondary distribution.